From Flood Risk to Resilience: The Future of Water Infrastructure

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Hello everyone, and welcome. Welcome to season three of Rethinking EHS Global Goals, Local Delivery and Energy Alliance podcast. My name is Beatrice Bizarro. I am deputy section manager for EHS services at HPC Italy, global Water Working Group lead at Alliance and host of today's episode.

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In today's episode, we will be exploring how organizations are approaching water related infrastructure resilience across different regions of the world. We will be discussing lessons learned from recent water related climate events, and how innovation and niche technical know how is shaping decision making and supporting organizations to tackle not only the current landscape, but especially be prepared for tomorrow.

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A very warm welcome to our session. Speakers Alex Perryman from Antioch, UK, Michelis Lilly's from Burning consultancy and a role from Cola Ms. Risk. It is a pleasure to have you all here and thank you for joining me. So a kick off question to us up and start this discussion in your regions. In your countries, what would you say is the most disruptive water related climate events, or maybe one that has increased significantly in the recent years?

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Alex, you want to kick us off?

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You know, if you asked me this ten years ago. I'd say, flood risk was something that sat in the folder. I'll call long term planning something important and not necessarily urgent. And that's completely flipped. I'd say in the UK, I'd say more. It's a boardroom conversation, insurance conversation, or even an investor conversation. So I'd say when we talk about water risk, people's mind, especially in England, jump straight to flooding.

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So there's like too much water arriving too fast. And actually the same underlying pressures give us the opposite problem in other places and at other times of the year. So you've got things like water scarcity, drought and supply security. So I'd say in the UK we're talking about the whole spectrum, like too much water, too little water and everything in between and the quality of it, the availability of it, how efficiently we use it and how we reuse it even as a resource.

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So I was actually at the AWS or the Alliance for Water Ships Water Stewardship Forum in Edinburgh recently, and that's exactly the conversation that we're having there. So organizations not just in the UK. So it was across cross globally and internationally, were treating water as a shared finite resource to be managed responsibly.

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Thanks, Alex. What about you in India? Do you have anything to add? Recent days, the sudden downpour like the one which happens in a entire month.

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Now, nowadays it happens in a single day. And so there's a sudden downpour leads to a lot of flooding in three cities. And if you see, out of four major metropolitan cities in India, three are located in the coastal region. So flooding is a big concern of big concern in India. And yeah, that becomes a big challenge for the planners

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And what about you in Switzerland? Yes, one of the most the main challenges for Switzerland is ensuring that it's a structure, remain resilient as climate conditions are doing, to change. More intense rainfall is increasing flood risk, while in the alpine regions, melting glaciers are contributing to greater risks of rock files and slope instability. Another important priority is safeguarding essential infrastructure, including transport, energy and water systems from these evolving hazards.

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At the same time, Switzerland benefits from a strong tradition of long term planning and close cooperation between different stakeholders, which put it in good condition to strength resilience in the years ahead. Thank you colleagues. So let's go back to our role. And if we think about what changes you are personally seeing as an expert in the sector in terms of, you know, water and extreme weather events, you know, compared to ten years ago, how are you seeing these changes impact, for example, infrastructure owners and planners?

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So how has have how has their way of managing and of mitigating changed or adapted? Yes. Big. Ideally earlier days, the design principles used to consider the stationarity like in the sense the the average rainfall, which would have happened for the previous 100 years, data would be considered and the design will be done. But nowadays, considering the sudden downpour in a single day, so made the designers to rethink about the concept of stationarity, like they don't go with the consideration of data for last hundred years and and planning the design accordingly.

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And secondly, the life of the design life also is being considered in this aspect where the flood events earlier days we used to consider as 1 in 100 year event, but nowadays an aggregated risk has to be considered while designing the facilities and also now earlier days. The gray intro used to be the one which used to be considered as the protective measure as part of the flood risk management.

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Now the designers are considering the nature based solutions where the spawn cities concept of spawn cities, restoring the wetlands and then the. Promoting more mangroves to consider absorbing the water, sudden inflow of water. So these are the green solutions are being considered as an alternate to the grain alone. And also nowadays the regulatory requirements are also being stringent.

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Like earlier days, it used to be a tick box exercise, good to have kind of measures. Nowadays the the regulatory authorities are also coming up with updates in the regulations wherein the requirements are becoming much stringent. And finally, one more aspect is the multisystem cascade. I would say that earlier days, if a flood impact happens, it used to affect a particular location, a particular system in the ecosystem.

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But nowadays it is not. So because the digital infrastructure and the transportation infrastructure all are dependent on the the protective measures that we have against the flood. So flood risk management now in our days has to consider the multi-system failure also in case of a sudden inflow of water into the cities. So these are the some of the aspects which the planners are considering these days.

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I would say when they design the systems, which is resilient to the sudden inflow of water, actually. Yeah. So it's very clear that of course, these impacts that we are experiencing, that we are seeing from extreme weather events or climate induced waters, we will likely not having them up to ten years ago or nobody was really expecting these extremes.

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Right. So the the having too much water or like Alex was saying before having no water. So of course we have to re-adopted change and, and create greater resilience based also on the infrastructures that we have. Alex, moving to you. So I'm thinking, of course you're based in the UK and you know, the UK has over the last years really become very much committed to focusing on water.

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Let's think of the record breaking 100 billion investment that has been planned for the UK in the water industry for the next four years. But parallel to this, how are organizations not only in the UK but globally, balancing the the immediate need to address water risks? You know, whether this is a flood risk or a coastal hazard with the long term and of course non-personal, I would say need to be to build greater long term resilience.

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Yeah, I think in the UK it's it's a lot. On how I would say people often see the picture of flooding as one single thing, and it depends on where you are. So like in urban environments, I would say the bigger issue to me is actually surface water risk. And you've got so much in purple surfaces, especially in urban areas where rainfall can't simply say go.

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So they built the water builds up quickly in places you wouldn't expect and well away from any rivers or coastlines. So it's quite flashy and it's sometimes hard to predict. Now, one thing I want to bring up, especially for the UK, which we refer to and why I just gave that little piece, is because in 2007, the UK, there was like a summer 2007 flooding and that was largely surface water risk, but it was really a cumulative risk from fluvial risk and sewer risk and service water risk all coming together and service would risk hadn't really been looked at in much detail before then.

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And in 2007, it was a big wake up call for the UK because it caused, I think it was over 3 billion pounds worth of damage. And then if you included insurance, it was estimated at over 5 billion pounds. And sometimes I feel that's like overlooked and undervalued. So I'd say it needs to be looked at equally or cumulatively.

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And as mentioned earlier, especially in those urban areas. And that's important because that's a lot of where people live and where businesses thrive. And then, as you mentioned, like other different sources, and over the long term, you've got river systems as well. So that's when over the long term, you need to look at the catchment scale processes, because then what happens upstream could happen then could actually have an impact downstream.

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So things like land use, deforestation, development in upper catchments that can significantly increase flood risk lower down. And then the timing can be different to say surface water risk, it can really flooding could build slower kind of it can give more warning time, but it can also impact larger areas. And then when you look at coastal areas, you've got a complete different set of hazards.

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You've got storm surgeries and wave action and relentless pressure from rises, sea level rise and that can impact rural communities, etc.. So it's kind of you can't look really these sources in isolation in a way to answer your question, because they all interact, especially in urban and coastal locations. And so you've got the rainfall, you've got high rise, you got high sea level rise, you've got rivers overtopping.

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You can get, for example, let's think if you if the river backs up further inland then it would normally that's because the sea level, it can't outfall into the sea. And then you've got the rainfall falling into a system, and therefore it just basically all overwhelms itself. And what we need to do is not look at things in isolation.

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And by doing that and then building for the future in terms of like taking and putting climate change allowances on top of that, you're building that like more like long term resilience into both the structures, the mitigation measures, the education, the kind of awareness, the operational aspects of it all. And therefore it kind of builds that kind of long term holistic understanding of kind of source pathway receptor to to ensure that you're kind of like looking at everything from the short term, looking at all sources of processes of flooding all the way through to the long term for, let's say, the next 100 years.

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I totally agree, Alex, because very often when we deal with these kind of events, we tend to focus on, okay, it's happened. Let's mitigate, let's address the situation. But, you know, people tend unfortunately with risks and generals to kind of forget. But you know, water risks are they they are occurring they are extreme or over the world. And we really need to start thinking ahead, as you were saying.

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And considering that everything is very much interconnected in this landscape. So it's clear, very clear that, you know, water related risks and extreme weather events, they are they are impacting, amongst other things, are infrastructures, which in many cases, you know, we're not prepared for withstanding the magnitude, the severity and particularly the frequency of some of these events. And I'm interested to know, are you perceiving any types of infrastructures that you know are proving to be more vulnerable than others?

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Or maybe they are adapting more slowly than others to climate induced water related challenges that we are currently facing. We're seeing today that many of our critical infrastructure systems are becoming increasingly exposed to climate and environmental pressures. The challenge isn't limited to one type of infrastructure. It's about how those these systems are connected and how failure is one sector can affect many others.

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Transport network such as roads, bridges and railways, are particularly vulnerable to flooding, landslides and extreme temperature. At the same time, water supply systems, wastewater treatment plants, storm water infrastructure are under increasing pressure from both more intense rainfall and longer periods of drought. Energy infrastructure is also affected, especially where substation transmission lines or power generation facilities are located in areas exposed to flooding or other natural hazards.

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One of the biggest challenges is the maths of this infrastructure was designed decades ago using historical climate records. Today, those assumptions are no longer always reliable. Climate conditions are changing and infrastructure that was once considered resilient may no longer provide the same level of protection in the future. To address these challenges, organizations are taking a much more proactive approach.

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Climate risk assessments are increasingly being integrated into infrastructure planning and asset management. We are also seeing greater investment in resilient design standards, improve monitoring system digital modeling and nature based solutions that complement traditional engineer measures. Another important change is that resilience is no longer viewed as purely an engineering issue today. It involves collaboration between engineers, environmental specialists, urban planners, emergency services and decision makers.

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Building a resilient infrastructure requires looking beyond individual assets and other static how the entire system performs under future climate conditions. Finally, the objective is simply to protect infrastructure from the next extreme event. It's to ensure the essential services can continue operating, recover quickly when this disruption occur, and remain reliable through the entire design life. Despite an increasingly uncertain climate.

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Thanks. And you know, that really resonates with the situation that I'm seeing here in Italy. You mentioned highways. You mentioned roads. We are also having a lot of infrastructures associated with highway and road networks that are being completely devastated by the extreme events, especially the the extreme rainfalls that we've been having over the last years. And, you know, just to have a lot of in Italy, we say that the Romans were more prepared for these kind of extreme weather events than the current, the Italian, the current Italian infrastructure.

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So yes, we are struggling with that as well. And.

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As a next question, Ariel, you know, as an expert operating in in the space, are there any common lessons, any shared lessons that have emerged and that you can share, maybe with us from recent infrastructure failures caused by water related events or, you know, extreme weather events such as flooding? Yes. But like there are a few few things which I would like to share.

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See the the people here where the place where from my I, I operate out of. We are paying high cost for denying the space to reverse. So what exactly happens here is that one is the the infrastructure expansion that happens across the river beds are reducing the space available for the river rivers that are there, but not limiting to that, the extraction of natural resources make the rivers vulnerable now for excess flow.

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So that is a big thing which we see in these days over here. And not limiting to that, the existing drainage. And I think Kelly was mentioning little before the outdated drainage and silt management is also a key aspect of which came out as a lessons learned in the recent past, where the existing systems are not being able of handling the the sudden surge and the extreme weather events that are happening over here.

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And obviously there are some quality deficiencies in the infrastructure that is being built, like there are some recent collapses that had happened in the high profile bridge and road in Christchurch, which had highlighted that the design quality is not able to withstand the the the impact created by the extreme weather events. And also I would say last but not least, the the authority is very much it's not a centralized authority that is there in the current system or scenario.

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Here it is. It is a distorted or fragmented authority which is there in place. So someone who is working on roads, he he is not getting a chance to interact with someone who is working on the rail infrastructure. And, and the same happens. They don't get an opportunity to interact with someone who works on the water management aspects in the regulatory side or the Infrared Development Authority side.

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So I feel that these are some of the lessons that we learned, but it's a long way to go, to be frank. So addressing all these challenges across and getting ready to face, and probably these are some of the aspects which come out of our climate risk assessments also. And it is getting addressed to in bits and pieces, but not in a collective manner like holistic way, which which I feel that any need of the hour and needs attention from the stakeholders.

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Thanks for all, Alex. Back to you. I you know, I'm curious, since we've been mainly talking about infrastructure vulnerabilities and challenges, could you maybe share with us some of the most promising innovations that you're seeing in infrastructure resilience? Yes. Good question. Asked ideas. Some exciting stuff happening. It's I'd say it's coming from different directions at once. Personally, some of the technical side, flood modeling itself has come on enormously.

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So you've got higher resolution data. I would say you've got better integration of real time rainfall and river data and more of it. The records are going back further in time, and the quality and the accuracy and the frequency and the duration, etc. is getting better and better. I've, dare I say, the increasing use of AI and even machine learning to spot patterns and predict impacts much faster than traditional modeling.

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Error cut is is on the rise, and in a way it should be used sparingly or well. Organizations personally probably need to test more what if scenarios in days rather than months, and whether AI gets used for that, I don't know, but I think it's a combination of flood modeling with some of the important information that's getting better, and then using that on the side, and that'll probably just get better that relationship over time, and then the built environment side and innovation that I find most encouraging is, as previously mentioned, like the nature based and hybrid solutions moving from like pilot projects into mainstream practice, for example, sustainable drainage.

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There's a standard in new developments and restored floodplains and improving or creating wetlands, taking pressure on off those downstream defenses, things like living shorelines instead of just concrete seawalls. And I would say they used to be seen as like a nice to have alongside the real engineering. I would say. Now they're often core to the strategy, and then there's innovation in how actual decisions get made.

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So what's the term like digital twins. So I mean by that is letting planners model an entire city's response to a flood event before it happens, and then much more collaborative cross-border data sharing, and which is actually exactly where a network like the Union and alliance can add, like real value, because it's a solution that works well in one region.

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It can be tested and adapted somewhere else, far faster than if everyone else was solving that problem in isolation. Can I add to what Alex said? Bit smart dam management is another need of the hour, I would say, because there were events in India where the the dam capacity and the regulation of the opening of dams also had led to certain inflow of water into the cities, actually.

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So a smart dam management is also a need of the hour and which which requires a support from the other tools like digital tools, which will help the authorities to manage the dam capacities. That's another aspect to which I would say another innovative thing which the authorities need to look into.

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I really enjoyed how I could see light in your eyes when we're talking about solutions and innovations. So, you know, it's not just about the challenges, but it's also about looking into the future in a positive way, right? So looking at the things that are working, things that we've been doing well and distressing what you touched on, Alex, you know, we are a global alliance.

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So being able to share this, know how and really support each other because we might be experiencing to some degree different risks over the world, but we are all experiencing them. So I'm sure we can learn a lot from each other. And you're really piggyback on things that communities and organizations have been doing well, maybe somewhere else in the world.

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Let's take a moment to place in the current context that we have been discussing till now, multinational organizations, right? So, you know, multinational organizations, planning and infrastructure challenges. Well, they become even more complex because environmental conditions, regulatory requirements and community expectations vary significantly. So not only between countries, but we're seeing that very often between single regions within the same country.

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And as a result, multinational companies and organizations must navigate a very wide range of scenarios and in many cases, adopt different strategies for nearly every site that that that they operate is when we think about multinational companies or also based on your experience with multinational clients, you know, what are the most frequently asked questions when it comes to resilience planning or resilience strategies?

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Clients are increasingly asking practical question rather than theoretical ones. They understand. They understand that climate risks are changing, but they want to know what those changes mean for their operations and long term investment decisions. One of the first questions is simply what our biggest risks, for example, organizations won't understand which side which facilities are most exposed and where they should focus on their attention first.

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The next question is usually about priorities. Resources are always limited, so clients want to know which actions will have the greater impact and where investments should be made first. That's why risk based prioritization has become such an important part of resilient resilience planning. Another common request is to the future resilience rather than just current performance. Clients want to know whether infrastructure design today will still be fit for purpose in 20 or 30 years as climate conditions continue to evolve.

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And finally, I think clients are looking for clear, practical advice. They don't just want data or bigger reports, they want confidence that they are making informed decisions. Invest in investing in the right priorities and building infrastructure that will remain reliable in uncertain future. Takes me. Holly, I totally agree with you. Definitely the most frequently asked questions. Where is my risk?

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What do I need to do right? And you know, not only what do I need to do, but what does it look like on the ground in my local context? So I totally agree with you. And I think those are the right questions really to to ask. Alex, do you think that there are any approaches being adopted in one region or in particular areas of the world that we could learn and lean on for improvements or, you know, future adaptations in different contexts?

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Yeah, definitely. I think this is one of the genuine benefits of working again with the Indian Alliance, rather than a single country consultancy. And I'm actually going to go away from the UK was actually the first country that comes to mind, the Netherlands living with water because they're rather than purely fighting it. And there's like room for the river schemes.

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There's multifunctional flood defenses in the in Netherlands where doubles as parks, car parks and that whole philosophy of designing space and that can flood safely by almost like by design. So the thinking is now probably influencing urban planning well beyond, well beyond the Netherlands. I personally speaking, I've done quite a few projects in the Netherlands, and I find that, yeah, sometimes they're ahead in terms of the innovation, but also multifunctional like approaches that are being adopted.

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And I like to see that elsewhere in other parts of the world. And then equally, some of the coastal adaptation and early warning approaches that are developed and globally, I think parts of Asia, for example, where it's not impacted in the UK, but like typhoon and monsoon exposure, and it kind of forces like rapid innovation in community level warning systems.

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And I think that's hugely instructive for regions that are only now starting to face that frequency of severe weather events. So like for example, in the UK we have an Environment Agency flood warning system. It's useful to be in a flood zone. It will alert you and businesses and people can react if you're sitting in one of those flood zones.

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But if it's a significant climate event, to be able to have that kind of technology and that rapid innovation to kind of alert communities and be able to to react quicker and faster and more efficiently is something that I think goes quite a long way. If I then move to the UK with the experience there in flood risk management and probably like the longer term shoreline management planning, I would say that's something other regions are looking at closely to.

00:29:58:23 - 00:30:39:12

So for me, what's changed is the willingness to actually look outward because they look forward but look outward. I would say ten years ago a lot of infrastructure planning was quite insular, quite nationally focused. And now, because organizations that can be like the Environment Agency or councils and water companies, but also businesses and people that use water and companies that use water like ours are part of like a genuine, a genuine global kind of alliance again, that cross-pollinate ideas, hopefully and hopefully as a matter of course, rather than like a special exercise.

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So I think, yeah, it should be a kind of collaborative effort.

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What about if we look at India or any other country you would like to flag? Do you have any any insights that you would like to, you know, contribute to? Yes. In fact, in India, the cities like Mumbai and Chennai, we use this. Digital twins are being used and they work with the Space Research Organization where they use the satellite data and consider that as a early warning systems and which which helps them in giving alert on extreme weather events.

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So that is an approach adopted in some of the cities like Mumbai. And and also there are some other initiatives like which we discussed little before the spawn city concept where the the, the bigger cities are provided are coming up with the sponsor cities, which takes the sudden inflow of water quantities. So these are some of the initiatives which are seen in the countries like India and South Station space actually.

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So apart from managing and addressing climate induced water related risks, it's clear that many are global organizations. But not only are investing in resilience planning and resilience strategies in a way that is really anticipated. So, you know, anticipating those efforts to mitigate as much as possible negative effects of potential water risks and consequently, of course, create a creating longer term security for for their assets, but not only communities and environments as well a role based on your experience in in your country, but not only.

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Let's look at this from a more global lens. Can you share an example of an organization that has maybe continued to grow and thrive thanks to especially investments and infrastructures that have helped them mitigate increasing climate induced water risks? Yeah, yes, a bit. I can, without naming the organization, another key automotive OEM which had taken up the climate risk assessment and were able to identify the key risks related to their operations, and they came up with the changes in their existing infrastructure to take care of the flood risk as part of the physical risk assessment.

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And then they came up with the initiatives to address that particular management of those physical risks, and then which had helped them in the improvement in their bottom line, and not limiting to that. That particular OEM had taken up the vulnerability analysis of all the supply chain partners to ensure that the there is no disruption in terms of the the extreme weather events in their supply chain, upstream supply chain, which helped them in the profitability, I would say so.

00:33:56:00 - 00:34:11:21

So another around there was an improvement in the bottom line, close to around 3 to 5%. By addressing this supply chain vulnerability for that particular automotive OEM.

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What about you? Do you have any examples, additional examples that you want to bring to the table you want to share? In Switzerland, for example, I have impressed by the emphasis on long term planning and collaboration between public authorities, engineers, scientists and from other lecturers local communities. Also this, the local knowledge is also important to take care about designing and planning or next infrastructure project rather than focusing focusing only on responding to disasters.

00:34:47:09 - 00:35:17:09

There is strong commitment to understanding the risk early and integrating resilience into planning and different structure management. I totally agree the perspective of local communities and of people who have maybe lived 3040 years in a in a local context, can be very well, is very important and can be very valuable, especially if we're looking at the long term duration, but also the correct execution and the integration of the project or the initiative itself into the local context.

00:35:17:10 - 00:35:42:22

So clearly, we can easily go on and keep this conversation going all day. But it is time for me to start wrapping up as a final thought from your side. So final question to all of you, what is one key trend in long term planning or resilience planning that organizations should embrace to better prepare themselves for extreme weather events or climate induced water risks?

00:35:42:24 - 00:36:11:05

Alex, thought from you. I'm going to bring up that potentially contentious point again, which is the rise of AI driven flood forecasting. So we're starting to see that extend warning time significantly. So some river forecasting systems are now giving several days of lead time in places that previously had none. And flash flood tools are giving communities up to 24 hours notice in the UK, where before I'd say there was often very little warning at all.

00:36:11:09 - 00:36:56:13

And I'm saying it's not replacing traditional forecasting. I'd say it's augmenting it, but I'd say that shift from hours of warning to potentially days, especially in parts of the world that never had reliable forecasting before, is going to change how resilience planning works over the next few years. Now is what about you? Yeah, totally agree with Alex. I would encourage organization to watch closely, closely in the sea from relying on historical climate data to planning for the future climate scenarios, instead of asking whether infrastructure performed well in the past, organizations are increasingly asking whether it will still perform well 30 or 50 years from now.

00:36:56:14 - 00:37:23:03

What changes mindset is helping support better long term planning and investment decisions? I think this represents a real change in mindset. The question is no longer this is infrastructure performed well in the past, but will it still perform well 30 or 50 years from now? Organization that start asking that question today will be will be much better prepared for the future.

00:37:23:05 - 00:38:06:14

RL yes. Yeah, it should be more more of a pre-event analysis which I like not to be reactive and post-event response. The organizations should focus on building the resilience measures and start focusing on investment decisions. Considering the current extreme weather conditions and then the flood risk modeling, and then the output of flood risk modeling has to be considered very seriously by the organizations when they plan for the future projects and take that into account while they come up with the the investment decisions.

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And not limiting to that one more aspect, which I feel would be very significant as they need to map their supply chain upstream and downstream supply chain, which will have an impact on this extreme weather events and then take necessary initiatives around that. So which will help us to be resilient in, in in terms of this extreme weather events.

00:38:32:21 - 00:39:02:18

A very special thank you to to all of you, Alex Miralles RL, for being with me for for sharing your insights, your expertise, your thoughts for this new episode of season three of Rethinking Chess. As we celebrate 25 years of the Indigenous Alliance, the series is really a reflection of what makes our network so special and unique global connections, local expertise, and really a shared commitment to accelerate building a more resilient planet for all of us.

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If you enjoyed today's episode and I really hope you did, please sure to follow this series on Spotify, YouTube, LinkedIn, Apple, and share it with your friends, your colleagues, and contacts from across your networks. And till next time, thank you for listening and for being part of the global community working to turn knowledge into action.